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The Economic Burden of Major Adult Visual Disorders in the United States

Reference

Publication
Arch Opthalmol
Publication Date
2006
Authors
Rein, David B., Ping Zhang, Kathleen E. Wirth, Paul P. Lee, Thomas J. Hoerger, Nancy McCall, Ronald Klein, James M. Tielsch, Sandeep Vijan, and Jinan Saaddine
Volume & Issue
Volume 124, Issue 12
Pages
1754-60
URL
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    • Annual Direct and Indirect Costs of Diabetic Retinopathy
       
    • The average cost in 2004 per glaucoma patient age 40 to 64 using outpatient services was $276.  The average cost per patient 54 years and older was $254.  
    • The annual direct medical costs (including outpatient, inpatient, and prescription drug services) for Americans age 40 and older with diabetic retinopathy is $493 million.  
    • The average cost in 2004 per age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patient age 40 and older using medications and vitamins was $110.  
    • The annual direct medical costs (including outpatient, inpatient, and prescription drug services) for Americans age 40 and older with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is $575 million.  
    • The annual governmental budgetary impact of major adult visual disorders is estimated to be at least $13.7 billion  
    • The average annual salary for adults who are visually impaired is close to $10,000 less than for those with normal vision.  
    • The annual burden to the U.S. economy of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, refractive errors, visual impairment, and blindness in adults age 40 and older is estimated…  
    • Close to $11 billion of the $11.1 billion in direct nonmedical costs for adults with visual disorders goes to nursing home care.  
    • Individuals who are visually impaired are less likely to be employed–44% are employed compared to 85% of adults with normal vision.  
    • The average annual salary for visually impaired adults is around $10,000 less than individuals with normal vision.  
    • Estimated Cost of Reduced Labor Force Participation by People Who are Visually Impaired or Blind  
    • Estimated Direct Nonmedical Costs for People Who Are Visually Impaired or Blind  
    • Annual Total Burden to the U.S. Economy of AMD, Cararact, Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Refractive Errors, Visual Impairment and Blindness  
    • The cost of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is projected to increase to $845 million per year over the next 15 years, simply due to the growth in the number of…  
    • The average cost in 2004 per glaucoma patient age 40 to 64 using medications and vitamins was $806.  
    • The average cost in 2004 per glaucoma patient age 40 to 64 using inpatient services was $2,270. The average cost per patient 65 years and older was $4,929.  
    • The average cost in 2004 per glaucoma patient age 40 to 64 using outpatient services was $276. The average cost per patient 54 years and older was $254.  
    • The annual direct medical costs (including outpatient, inpatient, and prescription drug services) for Americans age 40 and older with glaucoma is $2.86 billion.  
    • The average cost in 2004 per diabetic retinopathy patient age 40 to 64 using outpatient services was $629. The average cost per patient 65 years and older was $463.  
    • The average cost in 2004 per age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patient age 40 to 64 using outpatient services was $305. The average cost per patient 65 years and older was…  
    • Around $62 million a year is spent on guide dogs for individuals 40 years and older with visual impairment (in 2004 dollars).  
    • Visual impairment and blindness account for $8 billion in lost productivity annually.  
    • In 2001, approximately 2.9 million glaucoma patients visited physicians or hospitals for treatment of their disease.  
    • In 2001, approximately 5.6 million prescriptions were filled for glaucoma patients.  
    • In 2001, approximately 420,000 diabetic retinopathy patients visited physicians or hospitals for treatment of their disease.  
    • In 2001, an estimated 1.4 million age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients visited physicians or hospitals for treatment of their disease.  
    • Based on estimates from 1997 data, around 115,583 visually impaired and 74,133 blind individuals who did not work, would have worked if they had been fully sighted.  
    • An estimated 424,801 more visually impaired and blind individuals live in nursing homes than would be expected if they had normal vision.  
    • While only 4.3% of the 65 and older population lives in nursing homes, 16% of those who are visually impaired and 40% of those who are blind reside in nursing…