Clinical studies in nutrition and physical activity interventions have proven that fractures can be prevented, even in older individuals, and that they do not need to be a natural consequence of aging. -- National Institutes of Health. "NIH Fact Sheet: Osteoporosis". Tue, 01 Jul 2008 13:23:56 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1549 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1549 The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, which began over 20 years ago, found that bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip is one of the best predictors of fracture for women, and that weight loss in the elderly and family history of hip fractures are two of the most important risk factors for this condition. Similar studies have now begun to learn about osteoporosis risk factors in men. -- National Institutes of Health. "NIH Fact Sheet: Osteoporosis". Tue, 01 Jul 2008 15:49:43 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1550 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1550 An increase in bone mineral density (BMD) testing and osteoporosis treatment was associated with a decrease in hip fracture incidence. -- Jaglal, Susan B., Ian Weller, Muhammad Mamdani, Gillian Hawker, Hans Kreder, Liisa Jaakkimainen, and Jonathan Adachi. "Population Trends in BMD Testing, Treatment, and Hip and Wrist Fracture Rates: Are the hip fracture projections wrong? ". Arch Intern Med. Vol. 159, No. 11, pp. 1215-20. Fri, 27 Jun 2008 14:40:27 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1551 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1551 Reducing risk of fracture from 8% to 2% reduces the 5-year fracture incidence from approximately 34% to 10%. -- Lindsay, Robert, Simon Pack, and Li Zhengqing. "Longitudinal Progression of Fracture Prevalence through a Population of Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis". Osteoporos Int. Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 306-12. Fri, 27 Jun 2008 14:41:07 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1552 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1552 A meta-analysis of clinical trials found that calcium supplements reduced the risk of vertebral fractures by around 23%. -- Shea, Beverley, George Wells, Ann Cranney, Nicole Zytaruk, Vivian Robinson, Lauren Griffith, Zulma Ortiz, Joan Peterson, Jonathan Adachi, Peter Tugwell, and Gordon Guyatt. "VII: Meta-Analysis of Calcium Supplementation for the Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis". Endocr Rev. Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 552-9. Mon, 07 Jul 2008 10:46:08 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1553 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1553 A meta-analysis of clinical trials found that Vitamin D supplements reduced the risk of vertebral fractures by around 37%. -- Papadimitropoulos, Emmanuel, George Wells, Beverley Shea, William Gillespie, Bruce Weaver, Nicole Zytaruk, Ann Cranney, Jonathan D. Adachi, Peter Tugwell, Robert Josse, Carol Greenwood, and Gordon Guyatt. "VIII: Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Vitamin D Treatment in Preventing Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women". Endocr Rev. Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 560-9. Mon, 07 Jul 2008 10:46:34 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1554 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1554 A study that looked at a combination of calcium and Vitamin D found that hip fractures were reduced by around 43%. -- Chapuy, Marie C., Monique Arlot, Francoiis Duboeuf, Jacqueline Brun, Brigiette Crouzet, Simone Arnaud, Pierre D. Delmas, and Pierre Meunier. "Vitamin D3 and Calcium to Prevent Hip Fractures in the Elderly Women". NEJM. Vol. 327, No. 23, pp. 1637-42. Mon, 07 Jul 2008 10:47:04 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1555 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1555 Randomized controlled trials give evidence that pharmacologic therapy can reduce risk of fractures by 40 to 50%. -- Papaioannaou, Alexandra, Nelson B. Watts, David L. Kendler, Chiu Kin Yuen, Jonathan D. Adachi, and Nicole Ferko. "Diagnosis and Management of Vertebral Fractures in Elderly Adults". Am J Med. Vol. 113, No. 3, pp. 220-8. Tue, 01 Jul 2008 13:24:58 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1556 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1556 Alendronate, a bisphosphonate, has been shown to increase vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) by as much as 8% over 3-years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. -- Wagner, Edward, Nirmala Sandhu, Katherine Newton, David McCulloch, Scott Ramsey, and Louis Grothaus. "Effect of Improved Glycemic Control on Health Care Costs and Utilization". JAMA. Vol. 285, No. 2, pp. 182-189. Tue, 01 Jul 2008 13:33:52 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1557 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1557 Alendronate, a bisphosphonate, has been shown to reduce risk of hip fracture by around 53%, clinical vertebral fracture by 45%, and wrist fracture by 30%. -- Black, Dennis M. Desmond E. Thompson, Douglas C. Bauer, Kris Ensrud, Thomas Musliner, Marc C. Hochberg, Michael C. Nevitt, Shailaja Suryawanshi, and Steven R. Cummings; for the FIT Research Group. "Fracture Risk Reduction with Alendronate in Women with Osteoporosis: The fracture intervention trial". J Clin Endocrinol Metabo. Vol. 85, No. 11, pp. 4118-24. Mon, 07 Jul 2008 10:51:28 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1558 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1558