A study of a number of osteoporosis treatments found cost-effectiveness ratios as low as $55,000 per QALY. -- Mobley, Lee R., Thomas J. Hoerger, John S. Wittenborn, Debroah A. Galuska, and Jaya K. Rao. "Cost-Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Screening and Treatment with Hormone Replacement Therapy, Raloxifene, or Alendronate". Medical Decision Making. Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 194-206. Thu, 3 Jul 2008 13:41:43 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1571 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1571 Each year, osteoporotic fractures in the U.S. lead to:

• >432,000 hospital admissions
• ~2.5 million medical office visits
• ~180,000 nursing home admissions

-- National Osteoporosis Foundation. Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Washington, D.C.: National Osteoporosis Foundation. 2008. Thu, 3 Jul 2008 13:37:42 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1509 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1509 The annual number of osteoporosis-related fractures is expected to rise by almost 50% to more than 3 million by 2025. -- Burge, Russel T., Bess Dawson-Hughes, Alison B. King, Daniel H. Solomon, Anna Tosteson, and John B. Wong. "Incidence and Economic Burden of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures in the United States, 2005-2025". J Bone Miner Res. Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 465-75. Thu, 3 Jul 2008 13:20:52 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1542 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1542 Of the 34 million Americans with low bone mass--around 22 million (65%) are women and 12 million (35%) are men. -- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). Handout on Health: Osteoporosis. NIH Pub. No. 07-5158. 2007. Tue, 1 Jul 2008 15:50:50 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1499 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1499 The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, which began over 20 years ago, found that bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip is one of the best predictors of fracture for women, and that weight loss in the elderly and family history of hip fractures are two of the most important risk factors for this condition. Similar studies have now begun to learn about osteoporosis risk factors in men. -- National Institutes of Health. "NIH Fact Sheet: Osteoporosis". Tue, 1 Jul 2008 15:49:43 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1550 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1550 Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) has been shown to increase vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) by 2% to 3% after 3 years. -- Ettinger, Bruce et al.. "Reduction of Vertebral Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis Treated with Raloxifene: Results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial". JAMA. Vol. 282, No. 7, pp. 637-45. Tue, 1 Jul 2008 13:35:35 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1566 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1566 Teriparatide, or human recombinant PTH, has been shown to increase vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) by 9% to 13%. -- Neer, Robert M., et al.. "Effect of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Fractures and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis". NEJM. Vol. 344, No. 19, pp. 1434-41. Tue, 1 Jul 2008 13:34:51 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1563 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1563 Risedronate, a bisphosphonate, has been shown to increase vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) by 5% and hip BMD by 2% to 3% in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. -- Harris, Steven T., Nelson Watts, Harry Genant, Clark McKeever, Thomas Hangartner, Michael Keller, Charles Chesnut III, Jacques Brown, Erik F. Eriksen, Mohammad Hoseyni, Douglas Axelrod, and Paul Miller. "Effects of Risedronate Treatment on Vertebral and Nonvertebral Fractures in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: a Randomized Controlled Trial". JAMA. Vol. 282, No. 14, pp. 1344-52. Tue, 1 Jul 2008 13:34:22 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1559 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1559 Alendronate, a bisphosphonate, has been shown to increase vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) by as much as 8% over 3-years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. -- Wagner, Edward, Nirmala Sandhu, Katherine Newton, David McCulloch, Scott Ramsey, and Louis Grothaus. "Effect of Improved Glycemic Control on Health Care Costs and Utilization". JAMA. Vol. 285, No. 2, pp. 182-189. Tue, 1 Jul 2008 13:33:52 -0500 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1557 http://www.silverbook.org/fact/1557