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Home > Cost of Chronic Disease > Cardiovascular Disease: Heart Disease & Stroke > The Human Burden of Cardiovascular Disease

There are 103 facts in this category.

10 million Americans are disabled as a result of stroke and heart disease.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. "Preventing Heart Disease and Stroke". [ Permalink ]

More than 6 million hospitalizations a year are due to cardiovascular disease.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. "Preventing Heart Disease and Stroke". [ Permalink ]

Approximately 66% of heart attack patients do not make a complete recovery.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. The Burden of Chronic Diseases and Their Risk Factors: National and state perspectives. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004. [ Permalink ]

71.5% of 65-year-olds with coronary heart disease have 3 or more comorbidities and physical limitations--only 3.8% have none.
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Joyce, Geoffrey F., Emmett B. Keeler, Baoping Shang, and Dana P. Goldman. "The Lifetime Burden of Chronic Disease among the Elderly: Health and costs of the future elderly". Health Affairs Web Exclusive Collection . Vol. 24, No. 2, [ Permalink ]

20% of stroke survivors require institutional care within 3 months after onset and 15% to 30% are permanently disabled.
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Steinwachs, Donald M., Ruth L. Collins-Nakai, Lawrence H. Cohn, Arthur Garson, Jr., and Michael J. Wolk. "The Future of Cardiology: Utilization and costs of care". Journal of the American College of Cardiology . Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 1092-9. [ Permalink ]

Only 2.7% of 65-year-olds who have experienced a stroke are free of comorbidities and physical limitations--66.4% have 3 or more.
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Joyce, Geoffrey F., Emmett B. Keeler, Baoping Shang, and Dana P. Goldman. "The Lifetime Burden of Chronic Disease among the Elderly: Health and costs of the future elderly". Health Affairs Web Exclusive Collection . Vol. 24, No. 2, [ Permalink ]

A study of ischemic stroke survivors who were at least 65-years-old found that at 6 months post-stroke 50% had some one-sided paralysis, 30% were unable to walk without some assistance, 26% were dependent in activities of daily living, 19% had aphasia, 35% had symptoms of depression, and 26% were institutionalized in a nursing home.
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National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. "Framingham Heart Study". [ Permalink ]

Cardiovascular disease caused 34.4% of the 2.4 million deaths in the U.S in 2003.
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Mensah, George A., and David W. Brown. "An Overview Of Cardiovascular Disease Burden In The United States: Data show a growing burden from cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population; now is the time to reverse those trends". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 38. [ Permalink ]

In 2004, stroke accounted for approximately 1 out of every 16 deaths in the U.S. Approximately 54% of stroke deaths in 2004 occurred out of the hospital.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Among adults 45 and older, between 2002 and 2003 there were over 1/2 a million hospital discharges with at least 1 coronary stent insertion procedure performed.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2005: With chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. [ Permalink ]

Between 2002 and 2003, heart or other circulatory conditions caused activity limitations for 101.9 of every 1,000 people between the ages of 65 and 74; for 162.6 of every 1,000 people between the ages of 75 and 84; and for 223.5 of every 1,000 people 85 years and older.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2005: With chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. [ Permalink ]

Approximately 350,000 sudden cardiac deaths occur in the United States each year.
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Weisfeldt, Myron L., and Susan L. Zeiman. "Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: One of the most important contributors to improved human survival is the treatment of cardiovascular disease". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 25-37. [ Permalink ]

2004 total cardiovascular disease age-adjusted death rates by state
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Cardiovascular disease mortality trends for males and females (U.S. 1979-2004)
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for all males and females
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

The leading cause of death in 2004 for Americans age 65 and older was heart disease.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2006: With chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006. [ Permalink ]

Every year since 1900 (except 1918), cardiovascular disease accounted for more deaths than any other single or group of causes of death in the United States.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Every year, cardiovascular disease claims more lives than cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, accidents, and diabetes mellitus combined.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the probability at birth of eventually dying from major cardiovascular disease is 47%.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

The annual incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the U.S. is 0.55/1,000 people--around 166,200.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

In 2005, cardiovascular disease ranked highest among all disease categories in hospital discharges.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

From 1979 to 2005, the number of inpatient discharges from short-stay hospitals with cardiovascular disease as the first-listed diagnosis increased 26% to 6,159,000 discharges. In 2005, cardiovascular disease ranked highest among all disease categories in hospital discharges.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

In 2005, an estimated 6,989,000 inpatient cardiovascular operations and procedures were performed in the U.S.; 4.1 million were performed on males, and 2.9 million were performed on females.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Coronary heart disease was the cause of 1 out of 5 deaths in the U.S. in 2004.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

On average, myocardial infarction causes an estimated 15 years of lost life.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

People who have a myocardial infarction have a sudden death rate that is 4 to 6 times higher than the general population.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

People who survive the acute stage of a myocardial infarction have a chance of illness and death that is 1.5 to 15 times higher than the general population.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Within one year of a first myocardial infarction 18% of men and 23% of women, 40 years and older, will die.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Within 5 years of a first myocardial infarction, of those age 40 and older, 33% of men and 43% of women will die.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Of those who have a first myocardial infarction, 16% of men and 22% of women ages 40-69 have a recurrent myocardial infarction or fatal coronary heart disease within 5 years.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

The percentage of persons with a first myocardial infarction who will have heart failure in 5 years is: 7% of men and 12% of women ages 40-69; and 22% of men and 25% of women ages 70 and older.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

The percentage of persons with a first myocardial infarction who will have a stroke within 5 years is: 4% of men and 6% of women ages 40-69; and 6% of men and 11% of women ages 70 and older.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

In 2004, estimates of procedures performed for U.S. patients were: 1,285,000 inpatient angioplasty procedures; 427,000 inpatient bypass procedures; 1,471,000 inpatient diagnostic cardiac catheterizations; 68,000 inpatient implantable defibrillators; and 170,000 pacemaker procedures.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Those who have a transient ischemic attack have a 10-year stroke risk of 18.8% and a combined 10-year stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death risk of 42.8%.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

In 2004, stroke accounted for around 1 in 16 deaths in the U.S.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

When considered separately from cardiovascular disease, stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Among those ages 45-64, 8-12% of ischemic strokes, and 37-38% of hemorrhagic strokes, result in death within 30 days.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Stroke is the leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the U.S.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Within 1 year of a first stroke, 21% of men and 24% of women 40 years of age and older, were dead.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Within 5 years of a first stroke, 47% of men and 51% of women 40 years and older, were dead.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

The median survival time after a first stroke are: at 60-69 years of age--6.8 years for men and 7.4 years for women; at 70-79 years of age--5.4 years for men and 6.4 years for women; and at 80 years and older--1.8 years for men and 3.1 years for women.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

50-70% of stroke survivors regain functional independence. However, 15-30% are permanently disabled and 20% require institutional care at 3 months after onset.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

From 1979 to 2005, the number of inpatient discharges from short-stay hospitals with stroke as the first listed diagnosis increased 20%, to 895,000.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

In 2005, an estimated 103,000 inpatient endarterectomy procedures were performed in the U.S. Carotid endarterectomy is the most frequently performed surgical procedure to prevent stroke.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

The number of ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments for hypertension was 45.3 million for 2001-2002.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Hospital discharges for heart failure rose from 400,000 in 1979 to 1,084,000 in 2005--an increase of 171%.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

"...CVD has held the rank of number-one killer in the United States every year since 1900 (except for 1918, thanks to pandemic flu) and now hold the title 'world's greatest killer.'"
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Health Affairs. "Trends in the Burden, Treatment, and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Prologue". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 12. [ Permalink ]

1 in 4 American women will die of heart disease.
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National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. "The Healthy Heart Handbook for Women". March 2007. [ Permalink ]

"23% of women will die within 1 year after having a heart attack."
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National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. "The Healthy Heart Handbook for Women". March 2007. [ Permalink ]

2/3 of women who have a heart attack do not fully recover.
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National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. "The Healthy Heart Handbook for Women". March 2007. [ Permalink ]

5.5 million Americans have survived a stroke, but live with its impact every day.
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National Institutes of Health. "NIH Fact Sheet: Stroke". [ Permalink ]

"Among the 71.3 million adults with one or more forms of cardiovascular disease, the most prevalent conditions are hypertension or high blood pressure (65 million), coronary heart disease (13.2 million), stroke (5.5 million), heart failure (5 million), and congenital heart defects (1 million)."
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Mensah, George A., and David W. Brown. "An Overview Of Cardiovascular Disease Burden In The United States: Data show a growing burden from cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population; now is the time to reverse those trends". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 38. [ Permalink ]

Heart disease and stroke caused more deaths in 2003 than the other 15 leading causes of death combined, not including cancer.
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Mensah, George A., and David W. Brown. "An Overview Of Cardiovascular Disease Burden In The United States: Data show a growing burden from cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population; now is the time to reverse those trends". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 38. [ Permalink ]

Close to 45% of deaths from cardiovascular disease are caused by ischemic or coronary heart disease.
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Mensah, George A., and David W. Brown. "An Overview Of Cardiovascular Disease Burden In The United States: Data show a growing burden from cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population; now is the time to reverse those trends". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 38. [ Permalink ]

The proportion of adults with no self-reported cardiovascular disease risk factors declined from 42% in 1991 to 36% in 2001.
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Mensah, George A., and David W. Brown. "An Overview Of Cardiovascular Disease Burden In The United States: Data show a growing burden from cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population; now is the time to reverse those trends". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 38. [ Permalink ]

From 1979 to 2003, total inpatient operations and procedures for cardiovascular disease increased 470%, and the number of cardiac catherizations alone increased 373%.
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Mensah, George A., and David W. Brown. "An Overview Of Cardiovascular Disease Burden In The United States: Data show a growing burden from cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population; now is the time to reverse those trends". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 38. [ Permalink ]

Lifetime risk of developing hypertension is estimated at 90% for people with normal blood pressures at age 55 or 65 and who live to age 80 to 85, respectively.
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Cutler, David M., Genia Long, Ernst R. Berndt, Jimmy Royer, Andree-Anne Fournier, Alicia Sasser, and Pierre Cremieux. "The Value Of Antihypertensive Drugs: A perspective on medical innovation". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 97-110. [ Permalink ]

From 1996 to 2004, the number of cardiac surgeries per 1,000 Medicare beneficiaries grew 22%, and growth is expected to continue.
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Hayes, Kevin J., Julian Pettengill, and Jeffrey Stensland. "Getting The Price Right: Medicare payment rates for cardiovascular services". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 124-136. [ Permalink ]

Medicare data show that the number of coronary artery bypass graft procedures increased from 158,000 in 1992 to a peak of 190,000 in 1996 and then fell to 152,000 in 2003, while the number of hospitals performing the procedure increased.
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Wilson, Chad T., Elliot Fisher, H. Gilbert Welch, Andrea Siewers, and F. Lee Lucas. "U.S. Trends in CABG Hospital Volume: The effect of adding cardiac surgery programs". Health Affairs. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 162-168. [ Permalink ]

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death in Americans age 65 and older.
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Warshaw, Gregg. Introduction: Advances and challenges in care of older people with chronic illness. San Francisco, CA: American Society on Aging. 2006. [ Permalink ]

The most common cause of hospitalization and rehospitalization in Americans age 65 and older is congestive heart failure.
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Warshaw, Gregg. Introduction: Advances and challenges in care of older people with chronic illness. San Francisco, CA: American Society on Aging. 2006. [ Permalink ]

Results from the Framingham study showed a 3 to 4-fold risk of coronary artery disease in patients ages 65-94 with elevated systolic pressures, compared to those with lower systolic pressures.
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Hedner, Thomas. "The Problem of Hypertension in the Elderly". 2000. [ Permalink ]

Hypertension and heart failure are the 2 most common cardiovascular reasons for physician visits in older adults. Heart failure is a major cause of chronic disability, inability to exercise, decreased quality of life, dependence, institutionalization, and death among older U.S. adults.
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O'Connell, John B. "The Economic Burden of Heart Failure". 2000. [ Permalink ]

The prognosis for patients with heart failure is worse than with most forms of cancer, and median survival rates are less than 5 years.
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Stewart, Simon, Kate MacIntyre, David J. Hole, Simon Capewell, and John J. McMurray. "More 'Malignant' than Cancer? Five-year survival following a first admission for heart failure". 2001. [ Permalink ]

An estimated 80.7 million American adults (1 in 3) have 1 or more types of cardiovascular disease. Of these, 38.2 million are estimated to be 60 years of age or older.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Approximately 1 in 3 adults has high blood pressure (HBP) which, if not properly diagnosed and treated, can lead to heart failure, heart attack, stroke, blindness, and kidney disease.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

A personal history of cardiovascular disease was found to raise an individuals risk of Alzheimer's disease by 30%, compared with those without such a history.
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National Insitutes of Health, National Institute on Aging. "2005-2006 Progress Report on Alzheimer's Disease". 2007. [ Permalink ]

Stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death in the US and disables 2.5 million people every year.
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American Stroke Association/American Heart Association. "American Stroke Association Home Page". [ Permalink ]

1/2 of those who survive a heart attack are readmitted to the hospital within 1 year of the event.
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Tavazzi, Luigi. "Clinical Epidemiology of Acute Myocardial Infarction". American Heart Journal. Vol. 138, pp. S48-S54. [ Permalink ]

Hypertension doubles a person's risk of stroke.
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Seshadri, Sudha, Alexa Beiser, Margaret Kelly-Hayes, Carlos Kase, Rhoda Au, William Kannel, and Philip Wolf. "The Lifetime Risk of Stroke: Estimates from the Framingham Study". Stroke. Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 345-50. [ Permalink ]

Close to 1/3 of American adults with high blood pressure do not know they have it, which increases the risk of related complications and other diseases.
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Jones, Daniel, and John Hall. "The National High Blood Pressure Education Program: Thirty years and counting". Hypertension. Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 941-42. [ Permalink ]

High blood pressure decreases the life expectancy of men by 5.1 years and women by 4.9 years.
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Franco, Oscar, Anna Peeters, Luc Bonneux, and Chris de Laet. "Blood Pressure in Adulthood and Life Expectancy with Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women: Life course analysis". Hypertension. Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 280-6. [ Permalink ]

Preliminary mortality data from 2005 shows that cardiovascular disease accounted for 35.2% (861,826) of all deaths in 2005, or 1 of every 2.8 deaths in the US.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Close to 2,400 Americans die of cardiovascular disease each day—an average of 1 death every 37 seconds.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

In 2004, 32% of deaths from cardiovascular disease occurred before the age of 75 years, which is well before the average life expectancy of 77.9 years.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Coronary heart disease caused 1 of every 5 deaths in the United States in 2004. Coronary heart disease mortality was 451,326.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

In 2008, an estimated 770,000 Americans will have a new coronary attack, and about 430,000 will have a recurrent attack.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

It is estimated that an additional 175,000 silent first myocardial infarctions occur each year.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

About every 26 seconds, an American will have a coronary event, and about every minute someone will die from one.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Preliminary data from 2005 indicate that stroke accounted for about 1 of every 17 deaths in the U.S. On average, every 40 seconds someone in the U.S. has a stroke.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

In 2004, 1 in 8 death certificates (284,365 deaths) in the U.S. mentions heart failure.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

From 1979 to 2005, the number of inpatient discharges from short-stay hospitals with coronary heart disease as the first-listed diagnosis increased 5% to 1.8 million.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

For Myocardial infarction, 28.4% of hospital stays for people 45 to 64 years of age were for women, but 63.7% of stays for those 85 years of age were for women.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

For coronary atherosclerosis, 32.7% of hospital stays were for women among people 45 to 64 years of age; this figure increased to 60.7% of stays among those 85 years of age.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

For nonspecific chest pain, about 54.4% of hospital stays were for women 45 to 64 years of age. Women constituted 73.9% of nonspecific chest pain stays among patients 85 years of age—higher than for any other condition examined.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Approximately 780,000 Americans each year experience a new or recurrent stroke. About 600,000 of these are first attacks, and 180,000 are recurrent attacks,
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

The length of time to recover from a stroke depends on its severity. From 50% to 70% of stroke survivors regain functional independence, but 15% to 30% are permanently disabled, and 20% require institutional care at 3 months after onset.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

Heart failure incidence approaches 10 per 1,000 of the U.S. population after 65 years of age.
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American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2008 Update. December 2007. [ Permalink ]

"Assessments conducted in the hospital indicate that 15% to 20% of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for major depression."
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Lichtman, Judith H., J. Thomas Bigger, Jr, James Blumenthal, Nancy Frasure-Smith, Peter Kaufmann, François Lespérance, Daniel Mark, David Sheps, C. Barr Taylor, Erika Froelicher. "Depression and Coronary Heart Disease. Recommendations for Screening, Referral, and Treatment". September 2008. [ Permalink ]

Depression is approximately 3 times more common in patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction than in the general population.
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Thombs, Brett D, Eric Bass, Daniel Ford, Kerry Stewart, Konstantinos Tsilidis, Udita Patel, James Fauerbach, David Bush, Roy Ziegelstein. "Prevalence of Depression in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction". J Gen Intern Med. Vol. 21, pp. 30-8. [ Permalink ]

Americans who survive the acute stage of myocardial infarction have a chance of illness and death 1.5-15 times higher, depending on their sex and clinical outcome, than the general population.
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Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Robert Adams, Mercedes Carnethon, Giovanni De Simone, T. Bruce Ferguson, Katherine Flegal, Earl Ford, Karen Furie, Alan Go, Kurt Greenlund, Nancy Haase, Susan Hailpern, Michael Ho, Virginia Howard, Brett Kissela, et al. . "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2009 Update: A report from the American Heart Association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee". Circulation. Vol. 119, pp. e21-181. [ Permalink ]

Within 1 year after their first myocardial infarction (heart attack): 18% of American men and 23% of women age 40 years of age or older will die.
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Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Robert Adams, Mercedes Carnethon, Giovanni De Simone, T. Bruce Ferguson, Katherine Flegal, Earl Ford, Karen Furie, Alan Go, Kurt Greenlund, Nancy Haase, Susan Hailpern, Michael Ho, Virginia Howard, Brett Kissela, et al. . "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2009 Update: A report from the American Heart Association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee". Circulation. Vol. 119, pp. e21-181. [ Permalink ]

16% of American men and 22% of women age 40-69 who have a first myocardial infarction (heart attack) will have a recurrent or fatal occurence of cardiovascular disease within 5 years.
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Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Robert Adams, Mercedes Carnethon, Giovanni De Simone, T. Bruce Ferguson, Katherine Flegal, Earl Ford, Karen Furie, Alan Go, Kurt Greenlund, Nancy Haase, Susan Hailpern, Michael Ho, Virginia Howard, Brett Kissela, et al. . "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2009 Update: A report from the American Heart Association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee". Circulation. Vol. 119, pp. e21-181. [ Permalink ]

21% of American men and 24% of women age 40 years of age or older died 1 year after their first stroke in 2005.
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Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Robert Adams, Mercedes Carnethon, Giovanni De Simone, T. Bruce Ferguson, Katherine Flegal, Earl Ford, Karen Furie, Alan Go, Kurt Greenlund, Nancy Haase, Susan Hailpern, Michael Ho, Virginia Howard, Brett Kissela, et al. . "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2009 Update: A report from the American Heart Association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee". Circulation. Vol. 119, pp. e21-181. [ Permalink ]

The number of inpatient discharges from short-stay hospitals with cardiovascular disease as the first-listed diagnosis increased from about 6,107,000 to 6,161,000 from 1996 to 2006.
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DeFrances Carol, Christine Lucas, Verita Buie, Aleksandr Golosinskiy. 2006 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2008. [ Permalink ]

Cardiovascular disease ranked highest among all disease categories in hospital discharges in 2005.
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DeFrances Carol, Christine Lucas, Verita Buie, Aleksandr Golosinskiy. 2006 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2008. [ Permalink ]

In 2004, 24.7% of nursing home residents 65 years of age and older had a primary diagnosis of cardiovascular disease when admitted. This was the highest disease category for these residents.
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Jones, Adrienne. "National Nursing Home Survey: 2004 current resident tables". [ Permalink ]

3.3% of patients admitted to a hospital for cardiovascular disease died in the hospital--significantly higher than the average in-hospital death rate of 2.1%.
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Russo, Allison, Karen Ho, Anne Elixhauser. Hospital Stays for Circulatory Diseases, 2004. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. [ Permalink ]

From 1988-1994 to 2003-2006, the use of statin drugs by Americans 45 years of age and older increased almost 10-fold, from 2% to 22%.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health, United States, 2009. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2009. [ Permalink ]

Among Americans 45-64 years of age, heart and circulatory conditions were the second-leading cause of activity limitation.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health, United States, 2009. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2009. [ Permalink ]

Between 1981 and 2006, overall death rates among people over 65 dropped 21%, while the rate of deaths du to heart disease decreased by 50%.

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Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Older Americans 2010: Key Indicators of Well-Being. Washington, DC: US Government Priting Office. 2010. [ Permalink ]

Heart disease was the leading cause of death for those over 65 in 2006 with 1,297 deaths per 100,000.

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Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Older Americans 2010: Key Indicators of Well-Being. Washington, DC: US Government Priting Office. 2010. [ Permalink ]

Stroke was the third leasing cause of death for those over 65 in 2006 with 297 per 100,000 deaths.

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Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Older Americans 2010: Key Indicators of Well-Being. Washington, DC: US Government Priting Office. 2010. [ Permalink ]